Rice is the major staple food for more than half of world's population. As global climate changes, many places have seen changes in rainfall, resulting in more floods, droughts and severe heat waves. Two rice varieties with contrasting genetic backgrounds, Nipponbare and IAC 1131, were used in this study. Nipponbare, the first fully sequenced agricultural plant, is a drought sensitive rice from Japan while IAC 1131, which is endemic to the hotter climate of upland rice fields in Java, is a drought tolerant upland tropical rice from the same sub-species as Nipponbare. Four-week-old seedlings of both cultivars were grown in large soil volumes and then exposed to moderate and extreme drought for 7 days by imposing two distinct watering regimes, followed by 3 days of re-watering. Mature leaves were harvested from plants from each treatment for protein extraction and subsequent quantitative proteomic analysis, with validation of selected proteins by Western blotting. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations of differentially expressed proteins provide insights into the metabolic pathways that are involved in drought stress resistance. Higher abundance of stress response proteins was found in IAC1131 than in Nipponbare. Additionally, six proteins involved in the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism were found to be significantly decreased in IAC1131 under extreme drought. Our data indicate that IAC 1131 appears to be better able to cope with stressful conditions by up regulating a suite of stress and defence response related proteins. Nipponbare, in contrast, lacks the range of stress response shown by the more stress tolerant variety, and responds to drought stress by initiating a partial shutdown of chlorophyll biosynthesis in an apparent attempt to preserve resources.
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PROTEOMICS 2016*